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''The Double Hook'' is a novel written by Sheila Watson, which is considered "a seminal work in the development of contemporary Canadian literature."〔"(Sheila Watson fonds )",Sheila Watson fonds, St. Michael's College in the University of Toronto, UToronto.ca, Web, Apr. 22, 2011.〕 Published in 1959, ''The Double Hook'' is written in a style more like prose poetry than fiction. It is often considered to be Canada's first modernist novel due to how it "departs from traditional plot, character development, form and style to tell a poetic tale of human suffering and redemption that is at once fabular, allegorical and symbolic."〔Neil Besner, "(The Double Hook )", ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1988), 613.〕 ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' declares that: "Publication of Watson's novel ''The Double Hook'' (1959) marks the start of contemporary writing in Canada."〔Stephen Scobie, "(Watson, Sheila )", ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1988), 2284.〕 Watson said that her novel is "about how people are driven, how if they have no art, how if they have no tradition, how if they have no ritual, they are driven in one of two ways, either towards violence or towards insensibility – if they have no mediating rituals which manifest themselves in what I suppose we call art forms."〔 She has explained that the "double hook" of her title refers to the idea "that when you fish for the glory you catch the darkness too. That if you hook twice the glory you hook twice the fear."〔 ==History== Watson wrote ''The Double Hook'' between 1952 and 1954 in Calgary, Alberta and revised it during a year spent in Paris. Throughout the 1950s she was unable to find a publisher. "T.S. Eliot at Faber & Faber, C. Day-Lewis at Chatto & Windus, and Rupert Hart-Davis all turned it down."〔 McClelland & Stewart optioned the book in Canada, largely on the strength of a covering letter by Fred Salter of the University of Alberta calling it "the most brilliant piece of fiction ever written in Canada." To decide on publication, though, the company sought the opinion of its modernist poet, Earle Birney. Birney found ''The Double Hook'' "monotonous, self-conscious, artificial, and lacking in real fictional interest", and admitted that "I just don’t know what the damned novel is about." He did say that the novel's "poetic-cryptic style" made it "certainly a remarkable piece of writing", but ultimately advised against publication.〔 McClelland & Stewart were also unable to interest an American publisher in simultaneous publication. "Harcourt-Brace, Knopf, Atheneum, Random House, and New Directions agreed that although ''The Double Hook'' was not without merit, they were not interested in losing money on it." Alfred Knopf Sr. wrote to Jack McClelland that ""I'm afraid we simply can't go along with Professor Salter in the matter of Sheila Watson's ''The Double Hook''. We don't feel it could conceivably sell, and it doesn't seem to us to be anything like distinguished enough to justify Salter's hoop'la."〔 In 1959 ''The Double Hook'' was published, and instantly recognized as a modern classic. "All 3,000 copies of the initial print run were sold. Supporters such as ... McLuhan, as well as Yale formalist Cleanth Brooks, saw it as a literary landmark ushering the Canadian novel out of its regional confines."〔"John Rendell Smith, "(How Sheila Watson's The Double Hook Caught On ),' Historical Perspectives on Canadian Publishing, McMasterU.ca, Web, Apr. 22, 2011.〕 The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation later approached Watson to option the film rights to ''The Double Hook''. However, because they would not give her veto rights over the script, she turned them down.〔 The novel has remained in print continuously since 1959, as part of McClelland & Stewart's New Canadian Library. It has also been published in Swedish as ''Dubbelkroken'' in 1963 (translated by Artur Lundkvist〔Frank Davey, "(Sheila Watson Biography )", Encyclopedia of Literature, 8873, Web, May 30, 2014.〕), in French as ''Sous l'oeil de coyote'' in 1976 (translated by Arlette Francière 〔), and in Italian as ''Il doppio amo'' in 1992.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Double Hook」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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